Category Archives: jobs

Research Fellow in Computational Magnetohydrodynamics (Coventry, UK)

Apply Online.

Job title: Research Fellow
Job reference: REQ010775
Application closing date: 30/04/2023
Faculty / School or Service: Research Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems (FCS)
Salary: 36,333 – £45,737  per annum
Package: As one of Coventry’s biggest employers, we offer some pretty impressive benefits including an excellent pension scheme and generous holiday allowances.
Basis: Full time
Job category/type: Research

Job description

Research Fellow in Computational Magnetohydrodynamics on Nonlinear low states and turbulence produced by helical magnetorotational-type instabilities funded by the Science and Technologies Facilities Council STFC (Coventry University, UK)

Fixed term (end date 31st August 2025)

Applications are invited for the position of Research Fellow in Computational Magnetohydrodynamics sponsored by the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) (https://stfc.ukri.org).

The project is concerned with the development of a comprehensive nonlinear theory of helical magnetorotational

instability (HMRI) which could explain the origin of turbulence in hydrodynamically stable astrophysical

flows not affected by standard magnetorotational instability (SMRI).

Helical magnetorotational instability is thought to be important for the dynamo action in the solar tachocline – a thin transition region with a thickness of ~0.04R⊙ separating the rigidly rotating radiative zone of outer radius 0.7R⊙ from the convective zone which rotates faster at the equator and slower at the poles. The rotation rate increasing radially outwards in the equatorial part of the tachocline suppresses the SMRI but not the HMRI which can still be effective in this dynamically important solar region. However, unlike the SMRI, the HMRI, according to the underlying linear stability theory, is limited to relatively slow rotational flows. The ability of the HMRI to destabilize highly inertial flows outside its linear instability range is unclear. Solving this theoretically challenging and astrophysically important problem is the main aim of this project which involves a state-of-the-art theoretical study combining weakly nonlinear analysis with the fully nonlinear finite-amplitude solutions and direct numerical simulation of HMRI-driven turbulence.

The successful candidate should hold a PhD or equivalent degree in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Magnetohydrodynamics or Physics with a proven track record of producing a high-quality scientific output.

The Research Fellow will work within the vibrant environment of the Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, at Coventry University. The group conducts both fundamental and applied research in the fields of stability, magnetohydrodynamics, turbulence and geophysical fluid dynamics as well as other areas of fluid mechanics. In the REF2014, 84% of the group’s output, as part of the mathematics submission, was deemed ‘internationally excellent’ or ‘world-leading’.

The post is fixed term until 31st August 2025. To apply please also include your CV with a publication list. For further information please contact Dr Janis Priede (Coventry University, j.priede@coventry.ac.uk, +44(0)7557425329).

 To view person specification and job description please click here

PhD Position @Coventry University

PhD studentship, in an EPSRC-funded project in Coventry University, UK (fully funded for all candidates, including EU and international). The project aims to gain fundamental understanding of the out-of-equilibrium nature of fluid-fluid displacements in disordered porous and fractured media, leading to hysteresis, memory and energy dissipation. It combines computational, analytical and experimental methods (with prof. M. Dentz (IDAEA-CSIC) and prof. J. Ortin (Uni. of Barcelona)), and applies the insights towards carbon geosequestration (with the British Geological Survey).

For details see link below and contact Dr. Holtzman.

Apply here (closing date 27/5/23).

 

————————

Dr. Ran Holtzman

Reader (Associate Professor)

Leader, Engineering Applications of Fluid Mechanics group

Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, Coventry University

ranholtzman.com

Research Fellow in Theoretical and Numerical Fluid Mechanics (Coventry, UK)

Job title: Research Fellow

Job reference: REQ010475

  • Application closing date: 24/02/2023
  • Faculty / School or Service: Research Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems (FCS)
  • Salary: £35,333 – £44,737 Per annum
  • Package: As one of Coventry’s biggest employers, we offer some pretty impressive benefits including an excellent pension scheme and generous holiday allowances
  • Basis: Full time
  • Job category/type: Research

 

Applications are invited for the position of Research Fellow in theoretical and numerical fluid mechanics sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The successful applicant will work under the supervision of Dr Junho Park and Prof. Alban Potherat on nonlinear stability and turbulence modelling in two specific problems.
The first problem aims at Modelling turbulence induced by hydrodynamic instability in differentially-rotating flows. The project will investigate theoretically and numerically the nonlinear development of centrifugal instability in differentially-rotating flow and develop a new turbulence model for multi-physics simulations. The project will advance our understanding of instability-driven turbulence and its role in multi-physics processes, for instance, those in the evolution of stars.
The second problem will consist in seeking the nonlinear states of convection in vessels heated from below and cooled from the top (Rayleigh-Bénard problem) in cases where the boundaries are not simple planes, and when the flow is subject to magnetic fields and background rotation. The question is whether convection can set in subcritically, ie, for lower critical temperature differences than predicted by the standard Rayleigh-Bénard theory. The answer could bring a new understanding of how planets sustain their magnetic fields but also advance our understanding of processes taking place in alloy casting.


It is expected that the successful candidate will have a deep understanding of fundamental fluid dynamics such as hydrodynamic stability, convection, turbulence, or rotating flows, and advanced knowledge of geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics and nonlinear systems in general. Experience with high-performance numerical simulations such as direct numerical simulation (DNS) or large-eddy simulation (LES), or in branch tracing techniques would be an advantage. In addition, the successful candidate should also be experienced in applying relevant numerical methods using MATLAB, Fortran, Python, Fortran or C++ (or similar).

The successful candidate should hold a PhD or equivalent in Fluid Mechanics or a related subject with a proven track record of producing scientific output at the highest level, as evidenced by high-quality journal publications. The Research Fellow will work within the vibrant environment of the Fluid Dynamics group, part of the Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, at Coventry University. The group conducts both fundamental and applied research in the fields of stability, magnetohydrodynamics, turbulence and geophysical fluid dynamics as well as other areas of fluid mechanics. In the REF2021, 95% of the group’s output, as part of the mathematics submission, was deemed ‘internationally excellent’ or ‘world-leading’.

The successful candidate’s academic development will be supported through Coventry University’s Early Career Researcher support programmes, alongside other researcher development activities. Given the importance of public engagement activities to this project, they will be given the opportunity to complete a Media Training Skills course.

Apply Online and more details: Link

Job Opening: Head of Liquid Metal R&D

Head of Liquid Metal R&D

Start on/after: March 1, 2023
For full consideration, apply by: February 1, 2023
If a potentially good or excellent match, we will contact you within 1 week from applying.

Imagine gravity-defying free-surface liquid metal layers, 0.5 m thick. Imagine them to coat the inside (“ceiling”, walls and “floor”) of the fusion device, and flow at several m/s. Can you picture that? Good. Now imagine being the leader of the Department that will make this a reality. Such heat-removing, neutron-shielding layers will be key to the commercial success of fusion with our approach and, we believe, with any other sensible approach. Excited? Keep reading. 

We are looking for an experienced, world-class engineer, physicist or material-scientist to inspire and lead the Liquid Metal R&D Department. The department will initially consist of 7 scientists, engineers and technicians, and is expected to double in size within 3 years.

Responsibilities

Responsibilities as a leader:

  •  Form and lead the liquid metal department. Present status: 1 position filled and 6 positions advertised, of which 2 in advanced interview stage.

  • Doer/manager. Occasionally contribute to experiments and calculations. Regularly spark fruitful, objective-driven scientific discussions and contribute to them.

  • Write overview research papers and deliver keynote talks at research conferences.

  • Identify potential partners (suppliers, customers, academic collaborators etc.). Set up and cultivate collaborations. Maximize co-creation of value.

  • Monitor, foster and inspire advancements by the liquid metal team. Coordinate and enable the on-time, on-budget, on-specs accomplishment of technical milestones, including but not limited to:

    • Liquid Metal (LM) pumps.

    • Closed loops, ducted.

    • Full coverage of cylinder interiors with free-surface, flowing, gravity-defying thick LM. Extension to more complicated, larger surfaces.

    • Feedback stabilization of LM instabilities.

    • Control of multi-phase LM flows containing solid pebbles. 

    • Minimization of corrosion and removal of corrosion by-products.

    • Tritium extraction.

    • Lithium enrichment.

    • Integration of LMs with High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) coils and within the whole fusion device.


Responsibilities as a team member

  • Receive/give feedback from/to team members. 

  • Work closely with the CTO, the Head of HTS manufacturing and Heads of Engineering. Set directions for the LM department in collaboration with them, as well as other technical leaders (internal and external) and internal team-members. Similarly, help setting non-LM goals, especially if affecting or affected by LMs. 

  • Work closely with internal and external colleagues on the neutronic characterization of LMs, their substrates and related materials.

  • Quickly adapt to new internal information (delays, new results etc.). Work with an analyst to follow technical and commercial progress by LM competitors, suppliers, customers and other stakeholders, and (re)act accordingly.

Qualifications -essential:

  • PhD degree in physics or in electrical, mechanical or nuclear engineering, or in materials science .

  • 10+ years of experimental research experience in liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics (LMMHD) in the academia, or in (inter)national labs, or in the industry.

  • 2+ years of experience and proven ability to manage and lead “big science” or “deep tech” projects and teams.

  • World-class publication record, exceptional written and oral communication skills, and commitment to driving the LM department to exceptional publications and presentations. 

  • Organizational and problem-solving skills. Attention to details and to the big picture. Ability to think outside of the box, inspire others to do likewise, instill a result-oriented mentality, fast pace and enjoyable atmosphere. 

  • Ability to identify non-traditional applications of LMs (materials, subsystems such as pumps, sensors etc., and full systems) and to align innovation with commercial attractiveness. 

  • Good understanding of and connections with the LM ecosystem (suppliers, customers, collaborators etc.). 

  • Experience working safely with liquid Li, Na or other hot, flammable, corrosive fluids.  

  • Ability to break down complex problems in small, manageable tasks. Ability to prioritize them based on relevance to the company mission and other metrics.

  • Ability to inspire, stimulate and align scientific discussions within the LM department. Ability to translate them into actionable plans and lead the team to successful, timely execution.

Qualifications -desirable:

  • 2+ years of research experience in LMs applied to nuclear fusion, fission, metallurgy or for the automotive or medical industry.   

  • 2+ years of experience in high temperature operation, heat extraction and heat transfer. 

Qualified and interested?

Send your cv and motivational e-mail to jobs@renfusion.eu.

PhD position at Reims Champagne-Ardenne University France

(from Anne-Lise Daltin, URCA, Reims, France )

 

Deadline for appications extended to 29 June 11:59

SNI Doctoral School – Digital and Engineering Sciences

Specialization in Materials Sciences, Surfaces and Interfaces

Laboratory: Materials and Mechanical Engineering Research Unit (MATIM)

Supervision of the thesis Anne-Lise DALTIN (al.daltin@univ-reims.fr)

Co-Director Florica LAZAR (florican.lazar@univ-reims.fr)

Financing from 03-10-2022 to 02-10-2025

Start of the thesis on October 3, 2022

Application deadline (at 11:59 p.m.) June 16, 2022 29 June 2022, 11:59 p.m.

https://doctorat.campusfrance.org/CF202227099

 

Title :     Surface structuring by magnetoelectrodeposition (SURFMED)

 

Key-words: magnetoelectrochemistry; magnetic fields; surface structuring; wetting; sustainability ; heat exchange;

Supervisor: Anne-Lise DALTIN – Materials and Mechanical Engineering (MATIM) – al.daltin@univ-reims.fr

Thesis co-director:  Florica LAZAR – Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique (MATIM) – florica.lazar@univ-reims.fr

 

Description of the research problem:

Context and challenges

In the MATIM laboratory, we carry out fundamental and application-oriented research related to energy and environmental aspects in different research fields.

The SURFMED project is part of a program which aims to develop innovative functionalized surfaces by magneto-electrochemical methods and to investigate their performance and resistance to aging for electro and magneto wetting applications. The final application is aimed at increasing heat transfer at the millimeter scale.

Magneto-electrochemistry is used in this project to design super-hydrophobic patterns, especially for electro-wetting studies, with good permittivity control at the micro-scale of the deposit.

Scientific objectives

– Synthesis of formed coatings and understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms under the effect of forces induced by magnetic fields. characterization (physico-chemical and electrochemical);

– Modeling of electrochemical processes considering magnetohydrodynamic flows;

– Determination of process – structure – property relationships through a multi-scale and interdisciplinary approach. The specific properties sought relate to the intended objective, namely the optimization of the cooling regimes;

– Evaluation of the durability of these coatings under operating conditions and study of their resistance to corrosion by electrochemical methods.

Methodology and implementation techniques

A first part will consist in defining the parameters necessary to obtain well-structured alloy coating morphologies and the analysis of the reactions involved. Parameters such as electrolyte compositions, temperature during electrodeposition, current densities, potential, pulsed mode deposition parameters will be defined. This task will include the study of nucleation and growth mechanisms by analyzing electrochemical curves and modelling the influence of MHD and µMHD forces.

A second part will include the morphological and structural characterization by SEM and XRD of the synthesized coatings and the roughness will be determined.

The surface properties of alloy coatings are important in determining the durability and aging of a deposit. Zeta potential measurements of the alloy coating will be performed to determine surface charge as a function of various synthesis parameters to optimize wettability. The anti-corrosion properties of the coatings will be analyzed in an environment similar to their intended end use by measurements of corrosion potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and physical analysis.

………………….

 

Profile and required skills:

 

Engineer and/or master level – Good level of general and scientific knowledge. Good level of oral and written French and/or English. Good analytical, synthesis, innovation and communication skills. Qualities of adaptability and creativity. Motivation for research activity. Prerequisites (specific skills for this PhD thesis): Good knowledge of chemistry in general and solid-state physico-chemistry in particular. Knowledge of materials science and electrochemistry would be appreciated.

………………….

 

Contacts :

The candidate is invited to contact the Scientific Manager of the PhD thesis subject (Anne-Lise DALTIN al.daltin@univ-reims.fr ; Tel: +33(0)3 26 91 84 49 who will send the Doctoral School a reasoned opinion on his application.

Co-director: Florica LAZAR florica.lazar@univ-reims.fr ; Tel: +33(0)3 26 91 87 44

………………….

 

 

PhD-Student / Scientist (f/m/d) position in HZDR (due 31-03-2022)

PhD-Student / Scientist (f/m/d) Simulation of Gas Evolution in Electrolyzers

PDF:  Call-HZDR-2022-03-04

Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) / Institute of Fluid Dynamics in Dresden, Germany invites applications as PhD-Student / Scientist (f/m/d) Simulation of Gas Evolution in Electrolyzers. The position will be available from 1 May 2022. The employment contract is limited to three years. The deadline for applications is March 31, 2022.

Tasks:

  • Numerical simulation of multiphase flows in electrochemical energy devices
  • Focus on growth/dynamics of gas bubbles in supersaturated solutions
  • Development of advanced simulation tools
  • Interaction with experimental groups and industry partner
  • Opportunity to prepare a PhD thesis

Requirements:

  • Master’s or Diploma degree in Mathematics, Physics, Mechanical or Chemical Engineering or similar
  • Experience in modeling multiphysics flow problems
  • Coding experience (C, C++, script languages)
  • Useful are experiences with OpenFOAM/basilisk/Comsol/CFX/Fluent
  • Very good communication skills in English, of advantage would be communication skills in German
  • Cooperating with project partners including industry

More details and application platform:

https://www.hzdr.de/db/Cms?pNid=490&pOid=65442&pContLang=en

PostDoc Position at Newcastle University

—–

from Graeme Sarson, Newcastle, UK

 

Dear colleagues,

We are looking to recruit a postdoc to work with Dr Céline Guervilly and Dr Graeme Sarson on a STFC-funded project on the dynamics of stably-stratified layers in planetary cores. The project concerns double-diffusive convection and will incorporate the effects of rotation, spherical geometry and magnetic fields. The goal is to explain how a stably-stratified layer located at the top of the core shapes the magnetic field observed at the surface of the planet. The position is based at Newcastle University and is funded for three years with a flexible start date.

Applications close 5th April 2022. Further details can be found at:

https://jobs.ncl.ac.uk/job/Newcastle-Research-AssistantAssociate-in-Fluid-Dynamics/766230001/

For informal enquiries, please contact Dr Céline Guervilly (celine.guervilly@newcastle.ac.uk)

Best wishes,

Céline and Graeme

Research Fellow Position @Coventry, closing 06/06/2021

 

Applications are invited for the position of Research Fellow in Computational Magnetohydrodynamics sponsored by the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) (https://stfc.ukri.org). The project is concerned with the development of a comprehensive nonlinear theory of helical magnetorotational instability which could explain the origin of turbulence in hydrodynamically stable astrophysical flows not affected by standard magnetorotational instability.

The successful candidate should hold a PhD or equivalent degree in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Magnetohydrodynamics or Physics with a proven track record of producing a high-quality scientific output.

The Research Fellow will work within the vibrant environment of the Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, at Coventry University. The group conducts both fundamental and applied research in the fields of stability, magnetohydrodynamics, turbulence and geophysical fluid dynamics as well as other areas of fluid mechanics. In the REF2014, 84% of the group’s output, as part of the mathematics submission, was deemed ‘internationally excellent’ or ‘world-leading’.

The post is fixed term until 31st March 2024. To apply please also include your CV with a publication list. For further information please contact Dr Janis Priede (Coventry University, j.priede@coventry.ac.uk, +44(0)7557425329).

https://staffrecruitment.coventry.ac.uk/tlive_webrecruitment/wrd/run/ETREC107GF.open?VACANCY_ID%3d723630TJBt%1BUSESSION=D03161E4BA47418499A3A36CF38103F7&WVID=1861420Izv&LANG=USA

https://www.jobs.ac.uk/job/CFK284/research-fellow

Postdoctoral Position in Numerical Simulation of Radiative-MHD

(from Prof. Ben-Wen Li, Dalian, China)

 

INTRODUCTION
The group of Prof. Dr. Li Ben-Wen, in Institute of Thermal Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), has a long time and wide experience in researching thermal radiation, and its combinations with others, like, conduction, convection, combustion, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and especially engaging in the numerical simulation. Recently, we obtained the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) project, titled “Research of Thermal Radiation Effects on Magnetohydrodynamics Instabilities” with granted No. 51976021 (Jan. 2020 till Dec. 2023). We are applying for more projects. We have accumulated lots of home-designed codes for pure thermal radiation (with participating media in 3D Cartesian coordinate systems and 2D cylindrical ones), radiation-conduction, radiation-hydrodynamics and radiation-MHD (spectral methods but with limitation of laminar flow). Meanwhile, lots of journal papers have been published. Based on the NSFC project, we are preparing experimental research and also numerical simulations, especially for laminar to turbulent transition. In such cases, a full postdoc position for the experienced scholar, who is an expert in CFD with DNS, is available.

RESPONSIBILITIES
The main task of the postdoc will be the numerical simulations of transition or turbulent Radiative-MHD in a cylinder or rectangular enclosure. The numerical methods can be the Finite Difference method, the Finite Volume method, but the Spectral method will be a priority. At present, the MHD will be limited to quasi-steady cases (the magnetic Reynolds number is far less than unit). For thermal radiation, we expect the full RTE (radiation transfer equation) solution with help of Prof. Li Ben-Wen (many home hold codes using spectral methods). The main challenges may exist in the transition to the spectral code from MMT (matrix multiplication transition) versions to FCT/FFT (fast cosine transformation/fast Fourier transformation) versions, the turbulent radiation interaction (TRI), and the instabilities analysis. The code transition is necessary to reduce computer costs for instabilities and turbulent flow. The spectral methods are necessary to keep the higher accuracy. Based on the simulations, more phenomena/disciplines can be observed/discovered for radiative MHD.
Based on our former works, you will be supervised by Prof. Li Ben-Wen, and collaborating with Ph.D. students. You can guide Ph.D. students both in experiments and simulations, especially the DNS and instability analysis. Your creativity is welcome and expected during the research process.

CONDITIONS
As for thermal radiation, we have accumulated lots of codes based on spectral methods or discrete ordinates methods (DOM).
Work office and personal computer are provided. The computer center will provide a computation source for large computation, and the computation cost will be paid from the project.
The salary per year is ¥300,000RMB before tax, about $46,470. Our university can provide an apartment with a bath and cook, but cheap rent.
Dalian is the most beautiful city in north-eastern China, and the communications in domestic and international are very fast and convenient.

PROFILE
The candidate should have a PhD degree in Physics or Engineering (or equivalent), with demonstrated experience in CFD in fluid mechanics, or thermo-hydrodynamics, or even in MHD.

OFFER
We offer the open, stimulating and multi-disciplinary research environment. The duration of the contract will be 2 years. After evaluation, it will be possible to extend another 1 year.

INTERESTED?
For more information please contact Prof. Li Ben-Wen at: +86-13664102228, heatli(at)dlut.edu.cn

—–

Dr. Ben-Wen Li, Prof. of
Institute of Thermal Engineering
School of Energy & Power Engineering
Dalian University of Technology
Mailing Address:
Room 720, Energy & Power Building in West Campus of Dalian University of Technology
No. 2, Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District
Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, China

PhD on the Transition to Turbulence in Particulate Pipe Flows (Coventry, UK)

A PhD position in experimental fluid mechanics is open at the Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems (FCS), Coventry University, in collaboration with Oxford University, under the joint supervision of Prof. Alban Pothérat, (Coventry University, UK, http://users.complexity-coventry.org/~potherat/ ) and Prof. Tom Mullin (Oxford University).

The topic concerns the experimental study of pipe flows seeded with particles. At high enough flowrates, flows of liquids in pipes become turbulent. The transition process involves complex nonlinear mechanisms that are still not fully understood. Yet predicting, delaying or triggering – in other words controlling –  the onset of turbulence is a pressing need both as one of the fundamental challenges of fluid mechanics and for the vast range of practical problems where the radically different energy and pressure losses incurred in laminar or turbulent flows have drastic consequences.

A more recent angle to this problem emerged with the growing practical importance of flows seeded with particles that can either prevent or induce a transition to turbulence depending on their size and concentration.  The underlying mechanisms were unknown until recently. The centre for Fluid and Complex systems developed a fully transparent pipe flow device of hitherto unmatched accuracy fitted with a unique optical detection device capable of mapping the motion of fluid and particles simultaneously to make the first breakthrough in this problem of fundamental importance. The question now is to understand how the motions of fluid and particles interact in detail, ultimately manipulate this interaction with electric fields and control the transition.  This is precisely the objective of this PhD, that offers a unique opportunity to use and develop cutting edge experimental techniques to tackle one of the great challenges of nonlinear physics, for both fundamental and practical purposes.

The fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre (https://www.coventry.ac.uk/research/areas-of-research/centre-for-fluid-and-complex-systems) gathers fluid dynamicists, physicists and engineers to tackle fundamental, but also real-life problems involving fluids and complexity with mathematical rigour. For example, aside from its more traditional forte in fluid dynamics and statistical physics, the centre is also developing novel approaches in engineering fluid mechanics, flow measurement and socio-physics. The Fluid Dynamics Group currently comprises 15 Staff and PhD students and runs projects combining theory, numerical simulations and experiments, supported by a number of grants from research funding bodies (EPSRC, The Leverhulme Trust, the Royal Society…) and international partnerships. The group forms part of Coventry University’s Mathematics Unit of Assessment (10) for the Research Excellence Framework. 87% of the submission’s output was deemed internationally excellent at REF 2014. The centre prides itself in its active integration of PhD students in its academic life (events, seminars, interaction with its staff) and provides a vibrant international and interdisciplinary environment conducive to the production of world-class research.

Candidates must hold, or be on course for a 1st class Bsc. or Msc. degree in engineering or physics, with previous experimental experience and be motivated to conduct technically advanced experimental projects. Experience in fluid mechanics and/or measurement technology is strongly advised. The position is for a period of 3.5 years and is expected to start in January 2021.

To express interest in this PhD opportunity, please send a CV and a full transcript of academic records to Alban Pothérat (Coventry University, alban.potherat(at)coventry.ac.uk). Informal enquiries are encouraged.